comparison of shedding, and antibiotic resistance properties of listeria monocytogenes isolated from milk, feces, urine, and vaginal secretion of bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo, and camel species in iran

conclusions shedding of l. monocytogenes in different animal species, and different samples are different. due to antibiotic resistance, especially in l. monocytogenes, veterinarians should pay more attention to prescribe antibiotics. we recommend using the real-time pcr for safe, sensitive, and rapid detection of l. monocytogenes in clinical samples, and using the disk diffusion methods to prescribe suitable antibiotics. results the culture method showed that 186 of 2180 samples (8.53%) had positive results for l monocytogenes. in total,61 (10.23%) milk, 40 (6.46%) feces, 43 (9.7%) vaginal swab, and 48 (9.19%) urine samples had positive results for l monocytogenes using conventional pcr. after the light cycler real-time pcr it was recognized that 69 (11.57%) milk, 48 (7.75%) feces, 53 (11.96%) vaginal swab and 57 (10.91%) urine samples hadpositive results for the presence of l. monocytogenes. the sensitivity and specificity of conventional and real-time pcr were 94% and 99.1%, and 100% and 97.9%, respectively. l. monocytogenes had the highest shedding in bovine milk (10.83%), ovine urine (16.98%), caprine feces (14.38%), buffalo milk (11.11%), and camel vaginal secretion (15.18%). antibiotic resistance to tetracycline (71.3%) was the highest, while the resistance to nitrofurantoin (5.72%) had the lowest frequency. objectives the present study was performed to study the shedding routes, and antibiotic resistance properties of l. monocytogenes isolated from milk, feces, urine, and vaginal secretion of bovine, ovine, caprine, buffalo, and camel in iran. materials and methods a total of 596 milk, 619 feces, 443 vaginal swab, and 522 urine samples were collected from various animal species. samples were examined by culture, conventional and real-time pcr for evaluating the presence of l. monocytogenes. finally antimicrobial resistance properties were studied using the simple disc diffusion method. background listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis characterized by encephalitis, septicaemia, and abortion or stillbirth. its traditional diagnosis is based on serological responses, whileseveral molecular methods have been developed for safer and more rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection.the epidemiology, prevalence, shedding routes, and antibiotic resistance properties of l. monocytogenes are essentially unknown in various animals species.